Signs and Symptoms of Constipation

Constipation is a digestive problem that involves having bowel movements less frequently. The most common symptoms of constipation include pooping less than three times a week, dry stools, difficulty passing stools, and feeling like you’re “backed up.” 

Common causes of constipation include dehydration, low fiber intake, and certain medications. It can also be caused by many different underlying medical conditions, such as spinal cord injuries (SCIs), pelvic floor disorders, diabetes, or gastrointestinal disorders. 

Temporary constipation is typically not a cause for concern, but certain symptoms may be a sign to see a healthcare provider.

Very Few Bowel Movements

There’s no specific number of bowel movements that is considered "normal". Some people poop once or twice every day, while others can comfortably go a day or two without a bowel movement. 

However, researchers typically define constipation as having fewer than three bowel movements per week. In some cases, this symptom is temporary and resolves on its own or with increased water and fiber intake. If you continue to have less than three bowel movements per week for six months or more, you may have chronic constipation.

Dry, Hard Stools

When you’re constipated, you might notice your stools are dry or hard. They may be lumpy, small and “pebble-like,” or even sharp. 

This symptom occurs because your colon, or large intestine, absorbs too much water during the digestive process—an effect most commonly caused by dehydration.

Difficulty Passing Stools

Another common symptom of constipation is difficulty passing stools. You might have to strain, squeeze, and push during a bowel movement or sit on the toilet for a long time. Pooping may also be painful, especially if your stool is dry and hard. In more severe cases, some people have to digitally remove stool from their rectum with their fingers.

A Feeling of "Blockage"

Many people with constipation report feeling like their rectum and stomach area are “backed up” or blocked. This could cause stomach pain and bloating.

You might also feel like you haven’t fully emptied your bowels even after pooping. This is referred to as a "sensation of incomplete evacuation."

Symptoms in Children

It may be difficult to know when your child is constipated, especially before they can verbally communicate with you. Common symptoms of constipation in children include:

• Having less than two bowel movements per week
• Having lumpy or dry stools
• Showing signs of avoiding the bathroom, such as clenching their buttocks, standing on their tiptoes, or dancing in place
• Wetting the bed
• Having accidents during the day 
• Showing a swollen stomach
• Having diarrhea-like streaks in their underwear

When to See a Healthcare Provider

Temporary constipation typically isn’t a sign of anything serious. However, you should seek medical help if your symptoms persist or if you experience:

• Blood in your stool
• Severe or constant abdominal pain
• Rectal bleeding
• Fever
• Unexplained weight loss
• Vomiting
• Lower back pain
• Difficulty passing gas
• Extreme bloating

A Quick Review

Constipation symptoms include having infrequent bowel movements, lumpy stools, difficulty passing stools, and feeling like you aren’t fully clearing your bowels. Children may also have a swollen stomach and avoid going to the bathroom. 

Temporary constipation is common and typically not a sign of anything serious. However, you should talk to a healthcare provider if you see blood in your stool or if your symptoms persist.